Epizootic process of sylvatic plague and Mongolian marmots [Épizootie de peste sylvatique et marmottes de Mongolie].

Résumé

In 1938-1939 the Japanese army set up a top-secret, gem-warfare research centre-731 Division in Haerbin (China). There over 4000 people were exterminated in bestial fashion: some were frozen or infected with bubonic plague and other infections. That time, Japanese army widely used bacteriological weapon in the China. On a threshold of the Second World War the Soviet Red army carries our anti-epidemic actions in frontier with Manchuria. Severe time demanded simple and radical decisions of difficult problems. In 1939 in Dauria the large scale unknown war began against the Mongolian marmots as « hosts of plague ». By different estimations during the period 1939-1956, the population of marmots about one million individuals has been destroyed in Transbaikalia. Till now the Mongolian marmot remains the enemy number one for anti-plague station of transbaikalian region.Destruction of the most quantities of aborigine-inhabitant of Daurian steppes constrains development of ecological tourism and conducts to catastrophic changes of biocenoses in arid areas. The direct annual damage of economy of areas, according to the most conservative estimates, has measured by million dollars. In spite of drastic measures to exterminate rodents, and other animals, in the natural foci of plague in the latter half of the 20th century in the Soviet Union, when the areas of rodent extermination covered hundreds and thousands square kilometers, and the use of a great amount of weapon gazes, the natural foci of this infection still exist manifest of diseases among human and animals. The tragical mistake or ecological crime is based on a dogma of continuous circulation of bacteria Yersinia pestis in the natural foci. Breaking of the parasitic chain or mass extermination of the hosts and vectors, although of preventive value, did not produce the expected effect. Analysis of a problem of « sudden » occurrence of plague epizooties shows, that the system of preventive maintenance of infections is based on incorrect system epizootic process. Integrative, complex ecosystems researches of the foci of a sylvatic plague have allowed allocating geological factors, as leaders into provocations epizooties. On the basis of GIS-technologies the electronic map of territory of southeast areas of Transbaikalia is constructed. On the map are anomalous zones, on which, in opinion of the author, are possible epizooties of plague and other optimal (« not plagued ») zones of for marmots are made. That in the long term allows having a conversation about restoration of population of the Mongolian marmot in extensive territories of Dauria.