Article du Bulletin
Genetic-biochemical characteristic of marmot population during the process of domestication [Caractéristique biochimique et génétique de la population de marmottes au cours du processus de domestication].
Tinaeva E.A. (Тинаева Е.А.), Fedoseeva G.A. (Федосеева Г.А.) & Markovich L.G. (Markovitch, Маркович Л.Г.) · 2008 · In Abstracts of the VI marmot meeting, Marmots in a changing world, 27.
Résumé
The researches held by means of electrophoresis division of proteins, have allowed to reveal of blood polymorphic proteins, to characterize structure of the closed population of marmots during their adaptation to conditions of the cage breeding, to establish a spectrum of concentration alleles and genotypes, a level of homozygosis, and also to track relation of polymorphic systems of blood with some parameters of efficiency of animals. We found out genetic variety of 5 loci of blood. The cage breeding marmot population at farm “Pushkinskiy” is characterized by the certain structure of distribution of allele frequencies of polymorphic loci and frequencies of genotypes of five studied polymorphic systems of blood. The population of marmots is characterized by the balanced structure on frequencies alleles of polymorphic loci albumin and transferrin. Steady, statistically significant excess of homozygous genotypes on the genes determining proteins of blood, above theoretically expected, i.e. essential shift of genes balance in loci postalbumin, posttransferrin and hemoglobin is revealed. The level of actual homozygosity in a locus albumin reached 90 %/ Possibly, such distribution not only reflects a direction of selection, but also has adaptive value during formation of the populationwhich is made multiple copies in conditions of the cage breeding. At research of the genotypes structural organization of a population of marmots 67 complex genotypes heve been revealed. A low degree of populations consolidation of marmots, a high level of a genetic variety can testify about possible diversity selection in a population, for example, long use of animals and big litter size, the general number of descendants during short term reproduction. Relationship between homozygous genotype Hb4-4 and litter size of females has been shown.