Landscape perspective in territory choose: an analysis for an introduced marmot population in Lessinia (Northern Italy) [Perspective des paysages dans les territoires de choisis : analyse d'une population de marmottes introduites dans le Lessinia (Italie du Nord)].

Résumé

In Lessinia plateau a introduced population of Marmota marmota originated from 73 specimens released in 1995-97 in 4 areas; is actually widespreading. From 2002 the population are monitored by visual census to access the increasing of the numbers, density and territorial characteristics. Actually the population reach around 270 individuals in 44 dens groups on 19 different zones. In order to understand the influence of vegetation type and human disturbs in the evolution of the families, the landscape characteristics of territories were monitored. Soil and vegetations were detected on the bases of previous studies and assessed to each family used land. Also the availability of the different vegetations and landscape peculiarities were assigned also for the surroundings zones. To assess disturb, a series of possible human generated pressure were analysed per each family. Also experimentally was detected the minimum time for alarming, checking the seconds for a standardized answer to a produced disturb (presence of a human close to the dens). Confronting also the results with the stable alpine populations is clear the importance of vegetation as the families are strictly related to different pastures and avoid the forested areas showing the interest to widespread along the proximal series of similar vegetations belts. Marmota marmota presence in the Regional Park is strongly related to human presence that created in the past centuries the pasture actually inhabited by the sciurid at this lower altitude (from 1300 to 1700 m). The experiment shows families level of adaptation and the similar fitness answer.<