History and present condition of European bobak marmot (Marmota bobak Müller , 1776) in Rostov Region [Histoire et état actuel de la marmotte Bobak européenne (Marmota Bobak Müller, 1776) dans la Région de Rostov].

Résumé

Let us analyze objective laws of the structure of range of European subspecies of bobak marmot over a period of 20-21st century in region of Rostov. There is no doubt that the agricultural usage of land contributed to the inhabitance of big quantity of bobak marmots, namely keeping big quantities of horses and cattle stock which had large territories used as grabobak marmotlands. Before 1825 in the region of Don troops there were 385 commercial stables, totalling about 83 000 horses. Before 1917 each Don Cossacks village had its own horse fetal herds which totalled more than 56 600 horses. The dynamics of livestock population of separate kinds of Dan livestock breeding in post –revolutionary period suffered a row of serious changes and it influenced the population of bobak marmot in region of Rostov. Progrebobak marmotive growth during some periods (collectivization, World War II, was accompanied by the decrease of quantity of domestic animals. The most remarkable was the substantial decrease of quantity of domestic animals during the World War I and during the collectivization and in the middle of 80’s that was connected to the transition to the market economy relations. During these periods we see substantial decreases of population of bobak marmots despite of full prohibition of hunt (from year 1929 the industrial hunt on bobak marmots did not took place). In first case during 30 years period the bobak marmots completely disappeared on the territory of Rostov region. The revival of the previous quantity and of the previous inhabitance area began in the end of 60’s and in the beginning of 70’s in Millerskiy and Chertkovskiy regions. During last decades of 20th century in Rostov region was intensive growth of range and population of bobak marmot but in the beginning of 21st century we can see a rapid decrease in the process. Te second period is not over yet. Here we can foresee two variants of development of the situation. We are in the middle of our period of procebobak marmot of disappearance of bobak marmot. If quantity of cattle stock and horses remains the same we surely can make forecast of continued decrease of population. But if cattle livestock breeding increases the population of bobak marmots will be able to restore its range of inhabitance in previous size.