Китайская Народная Республика) Распространение, экология и звуковая сигнализация сурков Китайской Народной Республики [Rasprostraneniye, ekologiya i zvukovaya signalizatsiya surkov Kitaĭskoĭ Narodnoĭ Respubliki. Distribution, écologie et signalisation sonore chez les marmottes de la République de Chine. Distribution, ecology and sound signaling marmots Chinese People\'s Republic]

Résumé

China inhabited by 4 species of marmots: red marmot (Marmota caudata), gray marmot (M. baibacina), Mongolian marmot (M. sibirica) and Himalayan marmot (M. himalayana). The first three species are represented by peripheral parts of areas. The main part of the Himalayan marmot area located in China. Desert plains of Central Asia, are insurmountable barriers preventing the expansion of areas of all 4 species marmots. The main limiting factor limiting the choice of habitat by marmots is the presence of the thick layer of fine earth. The formations of fine earth promote various accumulative landforms mountains. Altitude has a significant influence on life processes marmots. All species marmots of China have optimum altitude distribution. Marmots inhabiting China are active components of natural foci of plague. Carriers of the plague from marmots to man are fleas. Analysis of the alarm call of Himalayan marmot showed no significant differences between the structure of the signal in the far north of the range of species in China compared to the very southern population (Central Nepal). Signal gray marmot living in East Tien Shan (China), is markedly different from the presence of amplitude modulation signal of populations living in other parts of the species range. (Author\'s translation)