Sravnitelni analiz gazoobmena stepnixh sourkov s razlitchnoï okraskoï chersti v moment vixhoda iz spyatchki [Comparaison des échanges gazeux chez la marmotte des steppes en fonction de la couleur de la fourrure àl'émergence de l’hibernation. Comparison of gas exchange of steppe marmots (Marmota bobac) with different skin colour on leaving hibernation].

Résumé

Several the red, black, uncomplect albino, blue and intermediate forms colour morphs of steppe marmots occur in Ukraine. The examination of the distribution peculiarities of the steppe marmot colour morphs in the Ukraine resulted the differences in the frequency of occurrence for aberrants, falling outside the limits of stochastic insights. Found distinctions in the basal metabolism level, determined with the indirect method, between the melanists and normothermal marmots with the skin colour admitted to suppose on the distinctions in the rate of reserve materials use up also during the hibernation. But the analysis of the latters does not confirm these supposions. The availability of the self-regulation mechanism for the rate of fat use up is indubitable. This mechanism results the correspondence between the quantity of the reserve material and its using up. There were made the measurements of the gas exchange levels of marmots with various skin colour on leaving hibernation. The difference between melanist and red ones was also brought to light. It shows that black marmots can fall into hibernation with the lower body temperature and at this expense they use up less fat. In the moment of leaving hibernation, the melanists grow warm faster. And as the thermographic tests showed their hiperthermal zone is expressed more distinctly and in large-scale. The reducing thermogenesis is expressed to a lesser extend. The marmot ability to change the rate of enegy-carriers burning in accordance with the energetic restrictions points to the existance of the endogenous control over the energy.