Монгол тарваганы популяцийн генетик тогтцын онцлог. Mongol tarbagany popoulïatsiïn genetik togttsyn ontslog [Genetic structure of Mongolian marmot populations. Structure génétique des populations de marmottes de Mongolie].

Résumé

1. The marmot populations studied almost could not be differentiated from each other genes’ frequency at the albumin, post-albumin and haptoglobin loci (Nei’s identity I = 0.9967 ± 0.001), but could be differentiated by genes frequencies at the transferrin locus (I = 0.9361 ± 0.050). 2. The rate of Mongolian inbreeding differed in every population. The range of average inbreeding over all subdivisions of the correlation between uniting gametes relative to those of their own subdivision (FIS) was from - 0.006369 to 0.048250, the inbreeding range of the correlation between gametes within subdivisions, relative to gametes of the total population (FST) from 0.009928 to 0.021314, the total inbreeding ranged from 0.017277 to 0.061978 in separate marmot populations. Mean FIS of Mongolian marmot populations studied was 0.028444 ± 0.030, mean FST =0.016798 ± 0.006, and mean FIT = 0.045601 ± 0.025. The FST rate high and the FIS low for the population within an intensified plague focus area having a high density of marmots. Lower FST and higher FIS defined populations in areas of no-intensified plague foci and free of plague. 3. The mean heterozygosity of Mongolian marmot populations for 4 polymorphic loci was 0.2556 ± 0.0157. However, every population of the Mongolian marmot differed by heterozygosity level. Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected in the population within the plague area. 4. Mean genetic differentiation in the Mongolian marmot populations was 0.016798 ± 0.006047. Populations in plague intensified and non-intensified areas were characterized by comparatively higher differentiation (0.021314, 0.019182) than the population in areas free of plague (0.009928). Marmot population density might lead to an increase of genetic differentiation in that population. We found the highest genetic differentiation from the population with the highest density. Genetic differentiation between separately located marmot populations was 0.012764 ± 0.0120. The level of genetic differentiation could have increased from high level to low of population’s hierarchy structures. The majority of marmot populations demonstrated high genetic differentiation’s at the transferrin locus (mean FST = 0.039665). 5. The mean genetic distance (Nei’s genetic distance-D) between marmot population groups (or subpopulations) in a population was 0.0199 ± 0.0041. A comparatively high D coefficient (0.0244) was found in a population in an intensified plague foci. The D coefficient was 22.1 - 33.2% lower than this populations in areas of non-intensified plague foci and free of plague. The genetic distances of marmot populations geographically remote from each other were 0.0022 - 03.0192, and we found a correlation between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.977). The marmot population within intensified plague focus clearly differed from the 2 populations in areas non-intensified plague foci and free of plague by population genetic structure (D = 0.0157 - 0.0192). The D coefficient was very low between populations in areas of non-intensified plague foci and populations free of plague (D = 0.0022). Observed genetic distances between marmot populations could not be determined at the subspecies level.