Hétéronégéité écologique et morphophysiologique des populations de marmottes grises dans le Tien Chan central. Ecological and morphophysiological heterogeneity of grey marmot populations in central Tien Shan.

Résumé

Grey marmot (Marmota baibacina) in Central Tien Shan lives in altitudes from 1200 to 4500 m occupies meadow-forest-steppe, in subalpine and Alpine belts. There are wide diversity of ecological (climatic and biotic) factors within the range of local populations. It is one of the main reasons of high level heterogeneity marmot populations maintaining on different ecological and morphophysiological signs. Ecological signs of marmot population heterogeneity are showed as a features of spatial and age structure, changes a dates of awakening and hibernating, as two strategies of reproduction and some other signs. Morphophysiological signs of marmot population heterogeneity was noted in marmots of different sex and age groups and from different parts of areas and altitude belts, and correlated with density level of population (Pole, 1974, 1993). Inherited diversity of population was found as polymorphism of blood groups and epigenetic signs of cranium and baculum (Aikimbaev et al. 1981, Pole, Bibikov 1991, 1992, Pole, Zverev 1993). This must be taken into account when comparing data secured in different altitude zones and from various parts of marmot area.