Répartition, nombre, protection et chasse des marmottes au Kazakhstan. Spreading, numbers, protection and hunting of marmots in kazakhstan.

Résumé

Four species of marmots are found in Kazakhstan: Marmota bobac, M. baibacina, M. caudata and M. menzbieri. Forty years ago total resources of marmots were more than 3 millions of individuals but this quantity was gradually decreased. In 1990 in Kazakhstan the project « Marmot » was accepted. This plan includ a measures for strengthening protection, yearly calculation, settling and the most efficient use of marmots resources. As showed the calculation in 1990-1993 a total resources of marmots in Kazakhstan are fluctuated during this period from 1,450 to 1,887 thousand individuals (84% M. bobac, 15% M. baibacina and about 1% M. caudata and M. menzbieri). Accordance with the project in 1991-1993 were settled 1,837 marmots in 6 regions of Republic. During 196l 1976 in Kazakhstan average laid in about 125 thousands marmots a year (Sludskii, 1980), in 1990-1993 61 thousands a year. Besides skin, in 1966-1968 yearly of marmot fat was laid in from 12 to 28 ton, considerable part of which was exported in France and Australi (Sludskii, 1980). On condition of right organization, the hunting and trapping quantity of marmots may be twice increased without prejudice to populations.