Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Russia and neighbouring countries [Infection par Echinococcus multilocularis en Russie et dans les pays voisins].

Résumé

In the territory of Russia and countries of the former USSR 9 species of carnivores appear to be the definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis and, among them, the common fox and arctic fox play the dominant role, 30 species of mammals serve as the intermediate hosts: voles, mice, shrews, lemmings, bobac marmots, jirds, muskrats, ground squirrels, jerboas, rodent-moles, hares, hamsters and man. The high morbidity of humans with alveolar hydatid disease (10 and more infected persons per 100,000 of inhabitants) is noted in Yakutia, Chukot and Korjak Autonomous Districts, Kamchatka, Omsk, Tomsk Region and Altai Territory this index tends to be a moderate one (from 1 to 10 infected persons per 100,000 of inhabitants) in the Tuva Republic, at the south of Krasnoyarsk Territory, Magadan Region and north areas of Kazakhstan and at last it is weak (less than 1 infected person per 100,000 per inhabitants) in some zones of West Siberia, the Far East, Povolzhje, North Caucasus and Azerbaijan. Alveolar echinococcosis foci in steppe and steppe ones: in Siberia they are separated by taiga zone. Mainly arctic fox and lemmings take part in transmission of infection in the north and, in the south, foxes and corsac foxes on one hand and voles, muskrats, jirds - on the other. In Yakutia a village type of foci of alveolar echinococcosis has been revealed where circulation follows the scheme "dog-voles" and includes house mice and man to this cycle. Thus formation of synanthropic foci of infection takes place with considerably increased risk for humans to be infected with alveolar hydatid disease.