Spécificté actuelle des habitats de marmottes dans le sud de la Russie. Present specificity of marmot habitats in Southern Russia.

Résumé

Marmota bobac, disappeared almost totally in the mid of XX century, became the background species again in some parts of Southern Russia (Voronezh and Rostov Regions) from the beginning of 70th, where the marmot colonized all habitats being favorable more or less: 1) retained natural steppe areas; 2) their pasturable modifications; 3) fields of food-grass and technical crops, in less degree-of wheat; 4) protective areas of some industrial objects; 5) deserted villages and borderlands of habitable ones. All those types of habitats, except for the first one constituting only about 1% of total area, are connected with anthropogenic elements of landscape. The type 2 -main present type of marmot's habitat-cover about 20% of the areal, is populated with high density-0.75 30% families/ 1ha, as well as the type 1. The type 3 is populated with the density of about 10 times lower in average, but total amount of marmots is big because of the fields great area (about 65% of total area). The types 4, 5 are often populated more of 1.5-2 times than natural habitats due to favourable conditions regarding to the food and refuges.