Ekologitcheskii popoulïatsii tchernozhapotchnogo sourka na severo-vostok Rossii. [Ecological populations of black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica) in the north-east of Russia. Populations écologiques de Marmottes à tête noire dans le nord-est de la Russie].

Résumé

Based on the analysis of ecological conditions of different locations of the kamchatsky marmot (M. camtschatica). Within the area, according to integral features I distinguished different ecological populations in a reading by N.P. Naumov (1963). Continental populations are common for the mountain systems with continental climate which stimulates certain vegetation types. Kamchatsky marmot populations are characterized by zone locality on the southern, south- eastern slopes of mountain chains and ranges, in the depressions and other relief elements. The vegetation is defined as xerophytic and sufficient grass diversity- main food for marmots can be found in the areas of increased wetting. Such populations are observed in the central parts of the mountain systems, Verkhoyanskiy range (Yakutia), Suntar- Khayat (Khabarovsky Krai), northern portion of Koryakskoye highland (Chukotka) and Sredinnyi range (Kamchatka). Coastal populations are characterized by linear locations along the seas and rivers. According to ecological conditions and locality type of vital systems we distinguish coastal seaside and riverside populations of kamchatsky marmot. Coastal seaside populations are usually abundant along the coast of the Bering Sea and the Sea of Okhotsk. They can be continuously distributed within the zones spreading for several kilometres or within the small limited areas where only few families live. Such locations are typical for marmots occuring on the rocks, sometimes, together with colonial marine birds (for example, cape Bykova on the Bering Sea coast). Here ecological vital cycle of marmots completely depends on the conditions of such locations, and their spring nutrition consists of vegetation food as well as protein one - broken eggs of sea-gulls. Coastal riverside populations were formed in the conditions typical for locations on the sloping and steep banks of big and small rivers. All the coastal populations of Kamchatsky marmot are extremely vulnerable to predators and people.