Structure spatiale de la marmotte du Kamtchatka (Marmota camtschatica) dans l'extrême nord-est de la Russie. Spatial structure of the Kamchatka marmot (Marmota camtshatica) in the Far North-East of Russia.

Résumé

The Kamchatka marmot is related to the mountain inhabiting the Far North-East (FNE) in the higher mountain Zones (Zheleznov, 1981, 1991, 1993). The hirh landscape distinction of the region determines the differentiation of phytocenosis. And it in its turn determines the marmots' location in the mountain elements and vegetation zones. In the boreal taiga zone, in the forest tundra the Kamchatka marmot biotopes are placed in the montain ranges (Koriakia, Kamchatka, Magadanski and Jakutia) mainly higher than the forest belt or on its borders, and within 600 or 1200 m above sea level, and it coincides with the snow sheep zones. In the mountain tundra area (Chukotka) the marmot populations have been observed within 400-500 m of the goltsy and subgoltsy zones' borders. Next to the Arctic ocean coast the altitude space goes to 400 or 200 m and farther to the south (Okhotomorie) the marmot inhabits the subalpine region. All over these areas the spatial structure of the marmot population only presents a mozaic pattern. When the young grow up, they begin to settle in the nearest suitable territories. In this case the mozaic type of the spatial structure changes for a diffusional one. Then it transforms back and the settlement area broadens.