Об этносоцталъной мармотологии [Sur l’ethnosociologie en marmottologie. About ethnosocial marmotology].

Résumé

The State nature reserve "Prisursky", Chuvash State pedagogical University, Chuvash Republic Education Institute.1. According to the law about homoligical lines of the scientific disciplines (Dimitriev, 1999) is suggested a new scientific direction - ethnosocial marmotology. In the scientific literature appeared rather a large number of new informations about attitude of different peoples to the marmots. The progressive role of the French (Louis et al. 1997, Ramousse & Giboulet 1997), the Chuvash (Plechov et al. 1997) and other people must be admitted. 2. From the point of view of knowledge and practice it is seen perspective the study of the marmot’s colonies in the ethnosocial attitude. More exactly it is revealance (disclosure) of the peculiarities of the people’s interaction towards the marmots and their colonies, the conditions of the ethnical specific of different people, the consequence of the marmot’s staying a long historical period in this or that social sphere.As the researches show in the ethnosocium, in the sphere of its consciousness the steps of the ancient polysyllabic attitudes of the people with the vegetable and animal world are left as the remaining kind, a new type of certain stereotype of behaviour is developed. It is as essentially influences on the nature environment and its components. Knowing the ethnosocial peculiarities of the population’s attitude to the marmot’s colonies it is more possible to imagine the mechanisms of the people’s attitude and marmots, to carry corrections into the ecological activities and programs, to increase the effectiveness and ecological education and rational nature usage. 3. The research is not directed to the nature objects as they are in themselves at the ethnosocial approach. The attention of the research must be directed to their correlation with the knowledge and practical activity of certain group of people (ethnos, socium) on their vision of a problem through the prism of the unseen. Thus it should be taken into account historical, cultural, economical, religious and other aspects. 4. Ethnosocial content of the people’s interaction with the marmots and their colonies in the historical aspect includes first of all myths, leg-ends, traditions and narrations about former real events, which are connected with them in either case. At the Chuvash are registered, for example, ancient myths about marmot’s origin form the people. Many people have poetic legends, which pass into stories from generation to generation. Mostly they are reflected in the oral people’s creative work and singing and dance in ring songs and other local folklore. Most of them carry religious - cultural loading. The ethnosocial shade exists and the usage of the marmots in the economical conditions of life and in the production aims (the observance of the establishment of the common, collective agreements in the periods of herding of animals and haymaking near the marmot’s colonies, hunting on marmots of the common regime and the character with the usage of the natural objects and so on). All this knowledge gives the interaction about the peculiarities of the population’s relations with the marmots and their colonies. 5. The subject of the special studying of the ethnosocial marmotology must be as a whole direction for studying religious - cultural relations with the marmots of different world’s religious at the contemporary and the former places of the 14th marmot’s spreading of the world fauna. For example, the Muslims consider the marmots are the sacred animals because they go out from their holes, stand on their back paws and with both front paws "wash faces", clean hair, eyes and turning to the sun it seems as they do a sign of "bowing to Gold". The marmots appeared from the people and must not be offended according to the traditions of the part of the Chuvash Republic, which are held on the Chuvash natural religious. T