Monitoring of number of grey marmot (Marmota baibacina) in internal Tien shan (1940-2003). Monitoring tchislennosti serogo sourka vo vnoutrennem Tyan’-Chane (1940-2003). [Dénombrement de la marmotte grise (Marmota baibacina) au Tien Chan interne].

Résumé

Within the area of InternaI Tien Shan grey marmot (Marmota baibacina) appears almost everywhere, reaching in the south up to Kokshaal ridge. In the West the border passes on the Fergana ridge and in Arpa valley approaches to the area of a red marmot. The top border of distribution of a grey marmot in this area passes at height of 4000 meters above sea level. Marmots live here both in the Alpine meadows and in high-mountainous steppe and in high-mountainous desert, but their greatest nurnber is noted on steppe slopes, at foot which there are sites of mezophyl meadows. Intensive development of high mountains of Central Tien Shan during last decades is reflected in number of all inhabitants of this region, including grey marmot. Monitoring of number of a grey marmot except for scientific interest is important and for the organization of hunting, and for the control over an epidemiological situation. In the fiftieth-seventieth years except for hunting on number of this species influenced also regular processing by poisons conducted by workers of anti-plague services. Last 15 years these works are not spent because of absence of means. We le ad comparison of number of marmots from fortieth years of the last century till now in view of destruction by "anti-plague" expeditions. In 1940-1950, number of a grey marmot (Aizin, 1950) was from 50 individuals per square kilometer (high-mountainous deserts) up to 240-1300 in the Alpine meadows and adjoining slopes. Numerous of carrying out processing by poisons (on separate sites up to 11 times) has reduced number of marmots in 10 times and reached in the seventieth years of 40- 70 individuals per square kilometer (Mihajuljuta, 1988). In valley Ak-Sai after unitary destruction their number was reduced on the average at 4-12 times (Aizin, 1970). On our data, in 2003 number of a grey marmot in these places was restored completely and reached in Arpa from 210 up to 270 individuals per square kilometer, and to the north - 300-350 individuals. However it is necessary to note, that very high number of marmots in 1988 (280-300 individuals) on territory of National park "Chong-Kemin" in two years was sharply reduced (70-80 individuals), though hunting was not spent.