青海门源地区大 和雕 的食性比较 Food Habits Comparison between Buteo hemilasius and Bubo bubo [Comparaison des habitudes alimentaires entre Buteo hemilasius et Bubo bubo].

Résumé

1999～2002 年的6～8 月份,在青海门源地区收集了大 和雕 的吐弃块(pellets) 和残留食物(food remains) ,带回实验室进行分检鉴定、研究分析。大 食物中共有736 个猎物,其中高原鼢鼠28 只、高原 鼠兔139 只、甘肃鼠兔142 只、田鼠科动物422 只、雀形目鸟类4 只、香鼬1 只;各猎物对大 食物的生物 量贡献率分别为14126 %、40179 %、17139 %、26199 %、0122 %、0135 %。雕 食物中共有330 个猎物,其中 高原鼢鼠17 只、高原鼠兔77 只、甘肃鼠兔44 只、田鼠科动物183 只、雀形目鸟类2 只、红脚鹬2 只、高原 兔5 只;各猎物对雕 食物的生物量贡献率分别为11183 %、30187 %、7136 %、16100 %、0115 %、0162 %、 33117 %。雕 的食物生态位宽度与大 的食物生态位宽度相近,食物生态位高度重叠,但是它们捕食 同种猎物的比例显著不同。 关键词: 大 ;雕 ;食性比较 The pellets and food remains of Buteo hemilasius and Bubo bubo were collected from June to August during the period of 1999 - 2002 in the region of Menyuan County, Qinghai Province. Buteo hemilasius diet consisted of 28 plateau zokors, 139 plateau pikas, 142 Gansu pikas, 422 voles, 4 Passeriforms and 1 weasel The biomass contributions of those preys to Buteo hemilasius diet were 14.26 % , 40.79 % , 17.39 % , 26.99 % , 0.22 % , and 0.35 %, respectively. Bubo bubo diet comprised 17 plateau zokors, 77 plateau pikas, 44 Gansu pikas, 183 voles, 2 passeriforms, 2 redshank and 5 hares. The biomass contributions of those preys to Bubo bubo diet were 11.83 %, 30.87 %, 7.36 %, 16.00 %, 0.15 %, 0.62 % and 33.17 %, respectively. The food niche breadth indexes of Buteo hemilasius and Bubo bubo were similar (FNB were 1.606 and 1.751 respectively). Their diets overlap index was 0.92. But, the percentage of dietary composition of Buteo hemilasius and Bubo bubo was different significantly (Pearson Chi2Square Test, P = 0.001 < 0.01 ; Likelihood Ratio Chi2Square Test, P = 0.001 < 0.01).